During the last decade, aquaculture was among the fastest growing industry. Along with this growth
and expansion, performing research projects on various aspect of ornamental fish aquaculture is of
high importance. In spite of the extensive research on the effects of microbial dietary supplements
include probiotics and synbiotics on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance,
there is limited information regarding the possible effects and the mode of action of microbial
dietary supplements on reproductive performance of ornamental fish. The results of previous
studies regarding the effects of probiotics on reproductive performance of fresh water species like
guppy (Poecilia reticulate), Mexican molly (Poecilia sphenops), green swordtail (Xiphophorus
helleri), southern platyfish (Xiphophorus maculates) and zebrafish revealed beneficial effects of
probiotics on reproductive performance. These results hint at a relationship between intestinal
microbiota and the process involved in reproduction. However, the mechanism by with probiotics
affect the reproductive performance has not been elucidated yet and merit further research.