1 2423-4575 4 289 Special Hepatotoxic evaluation in di-ethyl phthalate (DEP)-exposed goldfish Arabi Mehran Kazemi Hossein abadi Saeed Arabi Ali 1 3 2022 9 1 1 11 31 12 2021 30 03 2022 The extensive use of di-ethyl phthalate (DEP) as a plasticizer in plastic products, is a major threat to organisms as it leaches out easily from the plastic matrix into the environment. In this study, we evaluated the hepatotoxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) upon treatment with DEP. The 96 hr acute DEP LC50 value was determined as > 4 mg/L, using probit analysis. Three sub-lethal concentrations, 1/5th, 1/10th & 1/20th of DEP LC50 were used for 7 and 14 days. Blood and liver samples were taken out, following liver perfusion with saline, homogenates were made. In this study, the content of lipid peroxidation (LPO/MDA) as a marker for membrane disorders, content of carbonylated proteins (CP), and the levels of ALT and AST (as hepatic necrosis markers) were increased in the liver of DEP-treated fish. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was found to be lowered in liver homogentes. In brief, DEP caused hepatotoxicity in fish through induction of oxidative stress followed by cell membrane instability.
286 Special An overview on Snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi) biology Rahdari Abdolali e Khosravanizadeh Ali f e University of Zabol f University of Zabol 1 3 2022 9 1 13 22 30 12 2021 15 01 2022 The Snow trout, Schizothorax zarudnyi Nikolskii, 1897 belongs to Cyprinidae family, endemic to Hamoun Lake, Sistan, Iran. Female fish mature at 4 years old, a few at 3 years old, and male fish at 3 years old, and live in the rivers and lagoons of Hamoon (stagnant waters) and spawn in the same place. Natural fish populations have declined during the last several years because of environmental degradation due to drought and the introduction of non-endemic fishes to Hamoun Lake. Artificial breeding is an option to preserve and restore Sistan snow trout stocks. Given the successful breeding of this fish in recent years and the susceptibility of this endemic species to breeding, acquisition of its farming biotechnology, while restocking this valuable fish in the country, by entering the aquaculture sector of the region and the country, will increase the diversity of farmed species, provide part of the protein needed by the people and create employment. 292 Special An investigation of primordial germ cell development in embryo and larvae of Huso huso Gholi Sohrabi Mohammadreza g Mirzapour Tooba h Jamshidi Shirin i Sohrabi Langaroudi Tooraj j Fadakar Hediye k g University of Guilan h University of Guilan i International Caspian Sturgeon Research Institute j International Caspian Sturgeon Research Institute k University of Guilan 1 3 2022 9 1 23 36 08 01 2022 30 03 2022 In sturgeons, Primordial Germ Cells originate from the vegetal pole of the egg. They migrate toward genital ridges during developmental stages and finally differentiate into gametes (the only cells that transmit genetic information). In this study, the cells were isolated from the place of migration of primordial germ cells in Huso huso’s larvae during two stages before and after absorption of the yolk sac by enzymatic digestion. The obtained cell suspensions were cultured for three weeks in L-15 and DMEM medium. The number and diameter of colonies were compared in two culture systems. Expression of Nanos and Vasa genes was measured during different days of culture by qPCR method. To preserve PGCs for a long time, cryopreservation was operated by Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Ethylene glycol. The results showed that the number and diameter of colonies increased in the group after absorbing yolk sac in both L-15 and DMEM medium. The chance of survival for the cells after melting was significantly higher in the presence of DMSO rather than presence of EG. Given the long reproductive cycle and the long time it takes to reach sexual maturity, this method can be used to transplant cultured PGCs into the gonad of species with a short reproductive cycle. 270 Special Optimal water quality for keeping ornamental fish in the aquarium Khanjani Mohammad Hossein 1 3 2022 9 1 37 44 03 12 2021 30 03 2022       Ornamental fish keeping is the second most popular hobby in the world, and its popularity is growing every day. The ornamental fish farming industry provides entrepreneurship and income generation opportunities, so it is important to focus on various aspects of ornamental fish farming. Several physical and chemical parameters of water are discussed in this study, including pH, hardness, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, as well as optimal water conditions. The physical, chemical and biological parameters of water are interrelated in aquatic ecosystems. Thus, physical and chemical parameters of water must be analyzed together. The ornamental fish production centers have greater expertise than edible farmed fish in terms of water quality management since ornamental fish are sensitive to low water quality. Water quality management is more critical when it comes to ornamental fish since they are kept in greater densities than edible fish. In tanks that hold a large number of fish, water quality factors such as pH, water hardness, and excess nitrogen compounds must be measured daily, so the producer needs to take measures to manage them. It is essential for high density aquarium fish rearing tanks to monitor water quality daily, change the water regularly, and ensure adequate aeration. 274 Special Molecular phylogeny of Ephippidae (Actinopteri: Acanthuriformes) Ghanbarifardi Mehdi m Shahdadi Adnan n m University of Sistan and Baluchestan n University of Hormozgan 1 3 2022 9 1 45 51 24 12 2021 30 03 2022 The family Ephippidae consists of eight genera and 15 species. The genus Platax with five species distributed throughout Indo-Pacific, seemingly has more diversity than other genera of the family. Phylogenetic relationships among species and genera of the family, however, are not fully resolved. 48 sequences of eight species (four genera) of batfishes are available in the GenBank and have been used to construct the molecular phylogenetic tree of Ephippidae for the present study. Based on the present analysis, a species of Chaetodipterus, C. faber is located at the farthest distance from other studied genera of this family. This positioning, confirm the previous morphological study based on osteology. Three other examined genera Ephippus, Platax and Tripterodon are grouped together under a supported clade. The genus Platax is probably a paraphyletic taxon regarding to the positions of the genera Tripterodon and Ephippus in the phylogenetic tree. Three species of Platax, P. orbicularis, P. teira and P. boersii are clustered together while two other species, P. batavianus and P. pinnatus are in another cluster. Molecular phylogeny of Platax species are somewhat consistent with the dental characteristics and fin ossification of the members of this genus. 298 Special An introduction to freshwater aquarium plants zargham davood Nahavandi Reza Ehteshamee Fariborz 1 3 2022 9 1 53 62 07 03 2022 30 03 2022 Freshwater aquarium plants are one of the most popular components in freshwater aquariums. The aquarium plant trade is a lucrative trade in its producer countries. In fact, the aquarium is a closed and controlled environment that coordination between all its components is necessary to maintain the balance and stability of this small ecosystem. They beautify the interior of the aquarium, moreover create an ecological balance for the fish in the aquarium. The main advantages of using aquatic plants in the aquarium are regulating the hardness of water, increasing water-soluble oxygen, and maintaining the proper pH for fish health. Aquarium plants provide a very safe environment for ornamental fish and enable them to hide around leaves and stems. This article gives an overview of some of the main aquarium plants in Iran and the world and presents the biological needs for some of these plants.