Fish innate and adaptive immune and relevant factors are transferred from mother to offspring. These factors include IgM, lysozyme, lectin, cathelicidin and complement components. Maternal transfer of immunity is dependent on the health and immunity status of spawners and cause the defense in the seeds and larvae. The health status of brood stock fish can also affects breeding performances, spawning quality and production of offspring. Factors such as age, maturity, nutrients (micro and macronutrients), and seasonal changes (e.g photoperiod, temperature, unsuitable and stressful environmental conditions like handling, crowding, and water pollution) may also affect the immunity of brood stocks. Maternal immunity is of high importance for reducing mortalities at larval stage. This study investigates maternal immune components and affecting factors. This topic is very important in ornamental fish because of the sensitivity and importance of survival and resistance of larvae.